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100 frequently asked questions on Prout

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1. What is Prout?
2. Who formulated Prout?
3. What are the fundamental principles of Prout?
4. What are the salient points of Prout?
5. Can we go through that point by point; firstly, what are Prout's "spiritual values of life"?
6. Are spiritual values anything more than abstract assumptions?
7. Practically speaking, what are human cardinal values?
8. Don't such values come natural to any educated person?
9. Where are the cardinal human principles located?
10. Must one do meditation to cultivate these principles?
11 . What are social values?
12. So what comes first in Prout, human cardinal values or social values?
13. What is meant by "progressive" in Prout?
14. What is meant by "maximum utilization and rational distribution"?
15. Can you explain Prout's concept of economic democracy?
16. What is the role of cooperatives in Prout?
17. What is Prout's system of "local planning"?
18. What sort of "world government" does Prout promote?
19. What are the "common cultural and economic" factors for groupifications of self-reliant socio-economic zones?
20. What is Proutist Universal?
21. What is the essential social spirit of Prout?
22. What is the rhythm of the social cycle?
23. How did the warrior era start?
24. How did the intellectual era first express itself?
25. How did the first capitalists emerge?
26. How does the capitalist class rule?
27. What is Prout's concept of the proletariat under capitalist rule?
28. What is implied by the term common philosophy?
29. Why is the spiritual at the base of Prout's rational philosophy?
30. What is dogma?
31. Why is it that religions denounce each other?
32. What is the philosophical makeup of communism?
33. What is the philosophical makeup of religions?
34. How do religions inject superiority complexes?
35. How do religions inject inferiority complexes?
36. How do religions substantiate these complexes?
37. How to counteract the negative effect of dogmatic creligions?
38. Why does dogma go against the spirit of human mind?
39. How did capitalism come into being?
40. Why is external force needed to rectify the conduct of capitalists?
41. What are the psychological reason for capitalist economic discrimination?
42. What is the permanent cure for this psychic ailment of capitalists?
43. How will Prout counteract capitalism in the physical sphere?
44. What is capitalism in the psychic sphere?
45. What are the main problems caused by such intellectual capitalism?
46. What should intellectuals do about the ills caused by intellectual inertia?
47. What is capitalism in the spiritual sphere?
48. What is the one great harm caused by spiritual capitalism?
49. How will Prout cure spiritual capitalism?
50. What is "psychic pabula"?
51. Why does the mind keep running after psychic pabula?
52. What is the proof of this assertion and what is mind?
53. How to solve the various problems caused by unbridled psychic urges?
54. What is Neo-humanism?
55. How does the socio-economic path of Prout satisfy spiritual hunger?
56. Can you explain the policy of "ensuring the well-being of all in a gradual way"?
57. Where is the importance of caring for the inanimate world?
58. According to Prout, what is the origin of the path of synthesis?
59. Why is the universe our common patrimony?
60. Why is struggle the essence of life?
61. Why is there no true progress in the physical and mental spheres?
62. What is meant by metaphysical?
63. What is the principle of selfish pleasure?
64. What is the principle of social equality?
65. What is the need to curb accumulation of material wealth?
66. Why is there no need to curb accumulation of psychic and spiritual wealth?
67. How does the problem of physical over-accumulation become a source of social disintegration amongst "haves"?
68. Why do we need a theory that comes after practice?
69. What is meant by rational distribution?
70. What is the difference between the 2nd and 3rd fundamental principles of Prout?
71. What is meant by "proper adjustment"?
72. So the one who is relatively less developed will remain that way, as he or she should be utilized stereotypically?
73. What is meant by "the utilization should be of progressive nature"?
74. Is Prout's concept of class based on occupation or economic locus standi?
75. How will Prout give all people the required purchasing capacity?
76. What is the role of amenities in a proutistic economic setup?
77. Is human culture one or many?
78. What is Prout's view on the so-called population crisis?
79. What is Prout's general view on capital punishment (death as punishment)?
80. What is the historical cause of state constitutions?
81. When and where was democracy first introduced?
82. What is a sadvipra?
83. What is the main duty of sadvipras?
84. How will sadvipras emerge?
85. Does yama and niyama represent objective morality?
86. Will there be elections in a proutistic society?
87. What is Prout's concept of nuclear revolution?
88. What is the difference between the liberty of Prout and that of capitalism?
89. How does Prout guarantee people's minimum requirements of life?
90. What is the heart of decentralized economy?
91. Why does Prout promote less individual liberty?
92. Why must animals' and plants' rights be included in the world constitution?
93. What is the difference between the rule of reason and spiritual guidance?
94. Why does something crave for more?
95. According to Prout, why is leadership needed at all?
96. Is Proutist Universal a spiritual movement?
97. What is the difference between communist collectivist industrial undertakings and proutistic cooperatives?
98.Why was Marx' theory of exploitation wrong?
99. If surplus value is essential to economic growth, how to guard against its misuse?
100. What is the prime motivation of proutistic economy?

Answers

1. What is Prout?
Prout is the Progressive utilization theory. It is the first socio-economic theory that takes into account the entire human potential, including the mental and spiritual, while advising a socio-economic path for the benefit of both the individual and society.

2. Who formulated Prout?
Shrii Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1921-1990) propounded the fundamentals of Prout in 1959, and continued to develop the theory throughout his life.
A short biography and other material on Sarkar is available here.

3. What are the fundamental principles of Prout?
Prout is a complete socio-economic theory, comprising all potentials and resources of life - physical, mental, supramental and spiritual. Its five fundamental principles are:

No individual should be allowed to accumulate any physical wealth without the clear permission or approval of the collective body.
There should be maximum utilization and rational distribution of all mundane, supramundane and spiritual potentialities of the universe.
There should be maximum utilization of the physical, metaphysical and spiritual potentialities of the unit and collective bodies of human society.
There should be a proper adjustment amongst these physical, metaphysical, mundane, supramundane and spiritual utilizations.
The method of utilization should vary in accordance with the changes in time, space and person, and the utilization should be of a progressive nature.

These and other proutistic principles are explained here.

4. What are the salient points of Prout?
Based on spiritual values of life Prout aims to tackle socio-economic challenges through progressive maximum utilization and rational distribution of all types of resources - physical, mental and spiritual. The theory advocates economic democracy based on cooperatives and local planning eventually supported by a democratic world government as the cure for today's economic and political ills. In order to achieve complete global integration, Prout deems it necessary to establish self-reliant economic zones defined by common cultural and economic factors in order to develop the indigenous strength of the various societies and peoples. These are some of the salient points of Prout. (Prout in 60 minutes offers a good deal of source material on Prout.)

5. Can we go through that point by point; firstly, what is the scientific basis for Prout's "spiritual values of life"?
The Universe is being continuously created as a mental projection of the Cosmic Mind; whatever the Macrocosmic Mind imagines becomes the creation. It means that whatever exists is a part of Cosmic Mind and is therefore permeated by Cosmic Consciousness. As part of the Universe, human beings come into existence at some point in this flow of creation. Hence, existentially speaking Supreme Consciousness is our father, the Supreme Force of Creation is our mother, and the Universe is our common homeland. Socio-economically speaking all created beings are therefore siblings--brothers and sisters--with the same right to inherit and enjoy a common ancestral property; the physical, psychic and spiritual resources that are found within the Universe. Prout's vision is to create a society where this ideal is realized for the good and happiness of all. The spiritual view is of great consequence to Prout's principles of accumulation of physical wealth, the utilization and distribution of any crude or subtle resources, and issues such as culture and leadership, to name a few.

6. Are spiritual values anything more than abstract assumptions?
Prout concretizes the spiritual in the concept of human cardinal principles. In the words of Sarkar: "Human existence is trifarious, a combination of three currents: physical, mental and spiritual. Most people cannot transcend the limits of their physical existence: crude worldly pleasures become the only enjoyment of their lives. They embody all that is beastly in nature, goaded and tormented as they are by carnal desires. The subtle feelings of life, the subtle expressions and practices are beyond their reach. Their world is limited to their bodies and physical requirements. Other people are more concerned with their minds. They feel that it is the supremacy of the mind that has differentiated them from animals. Their lives are guided by their desires for mental satisfaction. By virtue of their endeavors they create poetry, art, music, sculpture, etc. They express the finer human feelings of mercy, sympathy, love, friendship and pity. They believe that the mind flows for the sole purpose of attaining the Infinite, and hence they focus their energies on the contemplation of the Transcendental Entity. [...] The culminating point of animality is the commencement of humanity. The highest peak of human progress is the beginning of divine bliss. Where animality ends, humanity begins, where humanity ends, divinity begins. The meeting point of the highest attainment of humanity and the blossoming of divinity is the base on which the cardinal human principles are established."

7. Practically speaking, what are human cardinal values?
Sympathy, compassion, fundamental respect for others' life, love for others' inherent divinity, universal outlook, and service-mindedness are all values that are called human cardinal values.

8. Don't such values come natural to any normal person?
Yes, one would think so but as implied in answer no. 6 above, all do not practice cardinal human principles with the same vigor at all times. To a proutist spiritual principles of life precede any social principle in any strata of life, for example in all areas of governance and administration. Politically speaking, these psycho-spiritual principles form an essential shield against corruption and exploitation, and Prout has a special concept explaining it--the place of sadvipras in the social cycle. You may find material on that concept in the Leadership-section and in Prout in 60 minutes.

9. Where are the human cardinal principles located?
The meeting point of the highest attainment of humanity and the blossoming of divinity is the base on which the human cardinal principles are established. It is the silver lining between the psycho-spiritual and the spiritual. It is the area of spiritual practices.

10. Must one do meditation to cultivate these principles?
Many good people do not practice meditation, as such practices were not a part of their tradition or the culture where they live. However, spiritual aspirants meditate in order to develop their consciousness continuously so that they will be able to realize the spiritual and human cardinal values more and more.

11. What are social values?
The social value of an excellent prime minister is different from an ordinary worker, but their existential value is one and the same because they both carry cardinal human values in their essence of their human being. Social values may differ and change but cardinal human values remain steadfast as they are based in the psycho-spiritual, which are much more absolute than the transient society of an ever-changing world.

12. So what comes first in Prout, human cardinal values or social values?
Human cardinal values such as sympathy, compassion, love for others' life, fundamental respect for others' inherent divinity and universal outlook are more important than social values such as efficiency and laborousness in Prout.

13. What is meant by "progressive" in Prout?
Any development is not progress. Where development is towards psycho-spiritual welfare Prout calls it is called progress. According to Sarkar: "Normally, people associate the word progress with scientific progress, but actually, scientific progress may or may not be true progress. The essence of progress is movement towards psycho-spiritual welfare. Human existence is trifarious. It has the physical, the intellectual and the spiritual aspects. There is movement in all three spheres, and therefore there can be progress in all three spheres. The main consideration, however, is what is the goal or the aim of movement?" It means that any development that supports or aims at psycho-spiritual welfare may be termed as progress but other development is not progress. Ordinary physical development, for example the development from mass transportation by boat to airplane, is not progress in the proutistic sense, as the drawbacks of air transport outweigh its benefits. Similarly, in the mental sphere intellectual progress has its drawbacks and limitations in the form of recurring mental complications, tiredness, etc. Real progress, free of any negative effect or reaction, can only take place in the spiritual sphere of the Absolute. Therefore, development should be psycho-spiritually motivated in order to minimize negative effects and reactions in any sphere of individual and collective life.

14. What is meant by "maximum utilization and rational distribution"?
Prout's concept of utilization is defined in the 2nd to 5th fundamental principles of the actual theory; and the first principle lies the foundation for the involvement of all in utilizing all the wealth there is. In short, Prout aims to utilize all physical, mental and spiritual individual and collective wealth of human society and to adjust these utilization progressively with changes in time, place and person. Everything should be utilized and not just be kept lying around. According to Sarkar: "Where there is over-accumulation of physical wealth several problems occur. Human beings do not have many needs. Primarily they need satisfying meals and clothing, according to their necessities. Most people do not even want many things. The desire to accumulate money is actually a mental disease. The accumulators do not accumulate to fulfill their basic needs as human needs are few. For instance, if a person has a mango-grove that yields 500 mangoes and a family of five, what will he do with so many mangoes? In cases of over-accumulation there is very little chance of utilization." By introducing the concept of rational distribution, Prout bridges an important gap of economic theory, namely the abyss between the individual and the collective. In Cold War Era terms, socialism meant the rule of collectivist economics where individual initiative was never at a premium. On the other hand, the unbridled economic freedom of capitalism has led to the accumulation of colossal riches in the hands of a few at the cost of the lives and reasonable living standard of the great majority. Prout's rational distribution ensures the minimum purchasing capacity of all, by introducing labor for all, while the surplus is to be distributed according to merit.

15. Can you explain Prout's concept of economic democracy?
Regarding political democracy, Sarkar says: "In all countries where democracy is in vogue today, people have been deceived into believing that there is no better system than political democracy. Political democracy has no doubt granted voting rights, but it has snatched away the right of economic equality. Consequently, there is gross economic disparity between the rich and the poor, immense inequality in people's purchasing capacity, unemployment, chronic food shortages, poverty and insecurity in society. The type of democracy prevalent in India is also political democracy, and it has proved to be a unique system of exploitation."

There are four requirements for Prout's economic democracy:

The minimum requirements, including food, clothing, housing, education and medical treatment, must be guaranteed to all. Not only is this an individual right, it is also a collective necessity, because the easy availability of the minimum requirements will increase the all-round welfare of society.
In order to realize this goal, increasing purchasing capacity must be guaranteed to all. Local people will hold economic power, so that local raw materials will be used to promote the economic prosperity of the local people. It means that the raw materials of one socio-economic unit should not be exported to another unit. Instead, industrial centers should be built up wherever raw materials are available. This will create industries based on locally available raw materials and ensure full employment for all local people who then may trade their demi-essential and non-essential refined wares with people of other localities.
In economic democracy the local people will have the power to make all economic decisions, to produce commodities on the basis of collective necessity, and to distribute all agricultural and industrial commodities. Economic liberation is a birth right of every individual.
Outsiders must be strictly prevented from interfering in the local economy.

In order to strengthen the political system and make it conducive to economic democracy, Prout advocates certain democratic reforms. These includes eliminating the age of suffrage and instead give the politically conscious the right to vote; as well as introducing the concept of compartmentalized democracy, where the secretariat is kept free from pressures from the cabinet. More on economic democracy

16. What is the role of cooperatives in Prout?
The cooperative sector is the largest in Prout's three-tiered industrial system, leaving huge and complicated key industry (raw materials) to the state, while private initiative may take care of small and non-essential businesses. In the same way as Prout's progressive socialism is fundamentally different from traditional materialist socialism, Prout's cooperatives differ fundamentally from the forced Soviet collectives. Prout advances a scientific approach to producers', consumers', farmers' and other type of cooperatives such as various forms of service cooperatives and cooperative banking. To ensure the success of cooperatives and counteract the rampant immorality of the prevailing corrupt economic system, Prout stresses the need for morality, strong administration, and wholehearted acceptance of the cooperative system by the people. Even in this mundane area does Prout present a spiritual perspective. Writes Sarkar: "Prout supports the implementation of the cooperative system because its inner spirit is one of coordinated cooperation. Only the cooperative system can ensure the healthy, integrated progress of humanity, and establish complete and everlasting unity among the human race. People should work to enjoy sweeter fruits by establishing the cooperative system. Prout raises the slogans: We want cooperatives, not communes! And: We are not slaves of communes!" More on coops

17. What is Prout's system of "local planning"?
Prout's program for planning and development programs turns the centralized approach of both capitalism and communism upside down. Any economic planning is based in the bottom-up and decentralized approach of Prout's economic democracy. Both local and regional planning is initiated with this end in view. At the heart of Prout's planning is "block-level planning", which is undertaken for the welfare of the local people. "Economic planning will utilize all the mundane and supramundane potentialities of the local area to meet the local requirements." The cost of production, productivity, purchasing capacity and collective necessity are the basic elements central to proutistic economic planning.

18. What sort of "world government" does Prout promote?
In the words of Sarkar: "The world government has to be strengthened step by step and not suddenly. For example, two houses may be formed for an unspecified period for administration. The lower house will comprise representatives from parts of the world elected on the basis of population, while members of the upper house will be elected country wise. By this arrangement those countries which cannot send a single representative to the lower house due to their small population, will benefit by expressing their opinions before the people of the world by sending their representatives to the upper house. The upper house cannot adopt any resolution unless the lower house has ratified it, but it will enjoy the privilege of disallowing the decisions of the lower house. In the first stage this world government may act only as a law framing body. The world government will be vested with framing the rights of implementation or non-implementation of any particular law in any particular region. In the beginning when the world government is being established, the government of different countries will have only administrative power. As they will not have any power to enact any laws arbitrarily; it will not be easy for any government to inflict atrocities on its linguistic, religious, or political minorities according to the whims of the governing majority."

19. What are the "common cultural and economic" factors for groupifications of self-reliant socio-economic zones?
Same economic problems, uniform economic potentialities, ethnic similarities, the sentimental legacy of the people, and similar geographical features are the common factors for socio-economic groupifications.

20. What is Proutist Universal?
Proutist Universal (PU) is a worldwide organization. Its aim is to develop socio-economic and cultural awareness amongst local and indigenous people in order to pave the way for economic democracy and local self-reliance. PU is organized with its global office in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its federations--Proutist Universal Labor Federation, Farmers' Federation, Students' Federation, Youth Federation and Intellectual Federation--are working on sectorial, regional, diocese, district, block and village levels.
PU contact addresses around the world.

21. What is the essential social spirit of Prout?
The social spirit of Prout is to move together, which is also the spirit of Prout�s progressive socialism. Progressive socialism is not based on collective ownership of means of production, but on collective mobility--unified movement. This concept is also termed as unity in diversity.

22. What is the rhythm of the social cycle?
The initial struggle of primitive proletarians for survival gives rise to the rule of the physical strong, the warriors. The regimentation, social order and personal discipline of these warriors come to fruition in increased mental stamina and psychological maturing, allowing mental acumen to blossom forth in the era of intellectuals. Those intellectuals who do not aspire to the highest and most sublime stages of intellectual expression, but who rather start to look into modes and venues of administrating resources in order to multiply capital for the sake of controlling physical wealth, become capitalists. This succession of development of the social cycle is likened to the seasons of a year, and express themselves in rises and falls of the social cycle where each class dominate and is dominated by others in turn.

23. How did the warrior era start?
The warrior era began with hero worship of the physically strong.

24. How did the intellectual era first express itself?
The intellectual era emerged with the first inventions that marked mental supremacy over matter, such as the use of fire.

25. How did the first capitalists emerge?
As opposed to warriors who conquer the physical by their physical strength, or the intellectuals who rule the physical by their mental strength, capitalists pursue control by physical wealth through the acquisition of mundane objects.

26. How does the capitalist class rule?
Capital is consumer goods in potential form, for example money, which has become the primary means of physical enjoyment under capitalism. Due to its capitalist acumen under its own rule the capitalist is the most affluent class; other classes are completely dependent on their whims and speculative patronage for self-preservation.

27. What is Prout's concept of the proletariat under capitalist rule?
Prout�s proletariat under capitalist rule consists not only of original proletarians but of representatives of three classes: original proletarians, original warriors and original intellectuals. This concept differs widely from the Marxist proletariat in that it contains the potential for a value-oriented uprising spearheaded by the disgruntled representatives of the warrior and intellectual classes who have retained their original values and stamina. Here there is no seed of a perpetual labor class, but only the revolutionary potential of the continuation of the social cycle.

28. What is implied by the term common philosophy?
A common philosophy embraces the whole of creation, explains all its phenomena and its noumenal cause, and is therefore applicable and useful for all.

29. Why is the spiritual at the base of Prout's rational philosophy?
Spirituality is at the base of Prout because subtle pure consciousness embraces the physical and psychological realities of life.

30. What is dogma?
A dogma is a mental construction that does not allow one�s thoughts or ideas to go outside of it.

31. Why is it that religions denounce each other?
One religion cannot accept another because they are all based on dogma.

32. What is the philosophical makeup of communism?
Communism is an unhappy blending of dogma-centered and matter-centered philosophy thriving on poverty.

33. What is the philosophical makeup of religions?
The philosophical base of religions is dogma-centered, consisting of a blending of matter-centered and self-centered philosophies.

34. How do religions inject superiority complexes?
Religions inject superiority complexes into peoples� minds by the propagation of stories, myths and parables.

35. How do religions inject inferiority complexes?
Religions inject inferiority complexes into peoples� minds by the propagation of stories, myths and parables to create inferiority complexes.

36. How do religions substantiate these complexes?
Religions substantiate their injection of superiority and inferiority complexes by the propagation of fear complex and inferiority complex amongst the people, especially amongst the proletariat (shu'dras).

37. How to counteract the negative effect of dogmatic religions?
Emphasis should be placed on proutistic and Neo-humanist education that produces a high degree of rationality in the human mind. Simultaneously, the spiritual sentiment must be inculcated in human minds as this is more powerful than the religious sentiment.

38. Why does dogma go against the spirit of human mind?
Dogma goes against the fundamental spirit of human mind as it won't allow one to go beyond its periphery of that boundary line.

39. How did capitalism come into being?
The historical seeds of capitalism lie in the desire to accumulate consumer goods �just in case�. It is with this mentality of acquisition and accumulation that capitalism takes root; what began as a precaution against bad times developed into speculation and the insanity of unbridled acquisition.

40. Why is external force needed to rectify the conduct of capitalists?
It is necessary to curb capitalist greed by placing a ceiling on accumulation, because capitalists themselves will not be able to reform as their internal urge to do so is very weak.

41. What are the psychological reason for capitalist economic discrimination?
Human longings are infinite. As physical objectivity is finite it can never quench the infinite physical longing. Here the psychic body and physical objectivity are always separate and so the seed of dualism and eternal frustration sprouts. Therefore capitalists' infinite longing for physical objects is an internal contradiction that expresses itself as a dangerous psychic ailment.

42. What is the permanent cure for this psychic ailment of capitalists?
The permanent welfare of capitalists lie in the attainment of spiritual objectivity, which means bridging the gulf between the self and the object, and therefore leading to peace.

43. How will Prout counteract capitalism in the physical sphere?
Prout stands for an economic system where money will not be restricted or immobile in the hands of a few capitalists. The more the optimum mobility of money is kept unrestricted, the more it will strengthen and invigorate the socio-economic life of the collective body. The 1st fundamental principle of Prout ensures this progress.

44. What is capitalism in the psychic sphere?
The selfish psychology developed by an apathetic, elitist intellectual class, that does not like to exchange its privileges with working earnestly for the welfare of all, is the cause if intellectual capitalism.

45. What are the main problems caused by such intellectual capitalism?
The main 5 pressing problems in society caused by intellectual capitalism are:
1. Illiteracy, as intellectual people do not come forward to enhance people�s literary skills.
2. The socio-economic consciousness of the indigenous people is not encouraged, as intellectuals have become selfish and only care about their own well-being.
3. Since intellectuals support the status quo rather than challenging it in a constructive way, unhealthy inferiority complexes and fear complexes continue to influence the minds of the people so that they are kept psychically weak.
4. Due to lack of rational education and non-dogmatic inspiration through both the educational system and mass media the intellectual and moral development of people is hindered; so intellectual backwardness and irrationality become rampant in society.
5. Due to the same lack of rational education and non-dogmatic inspiration narrow sentiments like geo-sentiment and socio-sentiment start exerting a destructive influence on society. Consequently, intellectual exploitation, dogmatic theories and doctrines, and religious superstition and rituals become widespread.

46. What should intellectuals do about the ills caused by intellectual inertia?
Intellectuals must keep their intellects pure and unblemished. They will have to mix with the common people, engage themselves in their welfare, assist the common people in their development and extend their support to all anti-exploitation movements.

47. What is capitalism in the spiritual sphere?
Those who neglect their family and society and instead withdraw into seclusion in order to fulfill their longing for spiritual emancipation are spiritual capitalists.

48. What is the one great harm caused by spiritual capitalism?
Because of their selfishness, spiritual capitalists keep spiritual knowledge to themselves and do not bother to arouse spiritual awareness in individual and collective life.

49. How will Prout cure spiritual capitalism?
Prout deems that spiritual practice is a cardinal human right. In order to secure this right and infuse society with spiritual vigor, Prout introduces the concept of a spiritually strong leadership enarmed with an ideology based on universal spirituality. In this way spiritualist will be able to fulfill the ideal of Salvation for self and service to the creation.

50. What is "psychic pabula"?
Pabulum (from the Latin) means food; psychic pabula (pl.) means �mental foods� or �mental objects�. Whenever a person does something physical or mental his or her mind is in the process of acquiring some mental pabulum.

51. Why does the mind keep running after psychic pabula?
The mind depends on the acquisition of psychic pabula in order to maintain its own existence.

52. What is the proof of this assertion and what is mind?
Human mind is the composite of 4 factors:
1. Mindstuff, which recreates impressions begotten through the sensory organs.
2. Ego, which think itself to be the doer of all actions dealing with these impressions.
3. Intuition, which observes the ego's dealings.
4. Soul, which observes what the intuition observes and is the final link with the Supreme.
Ordinarily the intellect of a human being is centered on the ego, which cannot envision an existence beyond itself as it is too attached to sensory stimuli to understand the nature of its origin. The intuitional part of the mind is less attached to the sensory organs. When it is developed it is intimately attached with the soul. The final proof that mind depends on the acquisition of psychic pabula for its continued existence is seen in the above model, and has two main aspects. If the mind of a human being does not involve itself with external physicalities, it withdraws into the ego's relative mental world where it continues to associate itself with impression previously formed in the mindstuff. From here it will again return to the physical world and will continue to go back and forth in this mechanism of physical involvement and mental analysis. However, if the mind goes deeper beyond the limitations of the egotistical mind it will gradually enlarge and merge this limited ego with the intuitional faculty, and subsequently merge its intuition with the all-knowing soul. Mind is then liberated from limitations and embedded in the totality of creation. This state of freed mind is called liberation (mukti). The existence of this liberated state is a verified fact, its condition is called qualified absorption (savikalpa samadhi) and is the result of practicing certain techniques of psycho-spiritual and spiritual meditation. If the mind chooses to go further and merges itself with non-qualified consciousness, it will be lost in the infinite formless bliss that is the origin of all being. This state is called salvation (moksa) or nirvikalpa samadhi and is outside of the human mind where no relative mind or qualified consciousness exist, only Absolute Being.

53. How to solve the various problems caused by psychic urges?
The problems caused by unbridled psychic urges cannot be solved by running after crude, limited objects. Neither should they be suppressed as they would only rebound with even greater force in some shape or the other. Instead, psychic urges should be channelized towards the unlimited and most subtle Supreme Desideratum through proper psycho-spiritual approach; means through a scientific system of spiritual practices.

54. What is Neo-humanism?
Neo-humanism is an original philosophy formulated by Shrii Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar. It teaches that human beings must cultivate an all-pervasive outlook embedded in spiritual essence. Neo-humanism�s social perspective stresses the existential value of all � plants, animals and human beings, and exhorts human beings to rise above petty geo-sentiments, socio-sentiments and ordinary human sentiments in order to embrace the Neo-humanist sentiment of devotion to all. More on neo-humanism

55. How does the socio-economic path of Prout satisfy spiritual hunger?
By removing all disparities and artificial barriers human beings will be able to move together towards common physical, mental and spiritual goals. Spirituality means togetherness in the absolute sense, not only in the physical and mental sense. In order to achieve this subtle togetherness, the complications and problems of the physical and mental worlds must be solved.

56. Can you explain the policy of "ensuring the well-being of all in a gradual way"?
The Neo-humanist policy is to ensure the well-being of all creation by first serving human beings, then animals, then plants and then inanimate objects. Prout takes care of the first part while Neo-humanism embraces the welfare of animals, plants and the inanimate world. The policy of focusing on the welfare of human beings first is scientific as human beings will be able to assimilate the ideas of Neo-humanism only when their minimum requirements are safeguarded in a proutistic setup. Prout and Neo-humanism are the two wings of bird of society.

57. Where is the importance of caring for the inanimate world?
By polluting and seriously disturbing the inanimate world in many ways human beings seriously affect the ecological balance of the earth. In the non-living world there is mind but that mind is dormant, as if asleep, because there is no nervous system. Hence, the non-living world cannot express its grief when it is damaged or destroyed. To protect the inanimate world human beings should conserve and properly utilize all natural resources.

58. According to Prout, what is the origin of the path of synthesis?
The path of synthesis originates from the psychology of service and welfare.

59. Why is the universe our common patrimony?
The universe is created by the Comic Mind as It goes on imagining it. All living beings are part of that creation and have therefore the same right to inheritance. In this respect, Prout holds that the Supreme Consciousness is the father of all, the Cosmic Force of Creation is the mother of all, and the Universe is our common home.

60. Why is struggle the essence of life?
Fight is the essence of life because without the struggle between the vital force and the static force no development will take place. Even a flower has to struggle to grow out of the earth and rise towards the sunshine.

61. Why is there no true progress in the physical and mental spheres?
Physical and mental objects are relative and cannot offer any permanent or absolute solution. Rather, reactions follow in the steps of such limited development. Progress is a Latin word that means well-directed movement; it is movement towards Supreme Welfare. Any physical or mental advancement supporting such true progress is progressive.

62. What is meant by metaphysical?
Meta (from Greek) is used here as �behind� or �beyond�. Metaphysical means those psychic forces or abilities that deals with the physical, for example socio-economics, engineering, medical science, etc. It also includes the spheres of aesthetics and parapsychology but not supra-aesthetic science, which is purely psycho-spiritual in nature. It is such faculties that are taken into consideration in the 3. fundamental principle of Prout.

63. What is the principle of selfish pleasure?
The principle of selfish pleasure rests on dogma. It tells people that due to their particular form of communalism (religious groupism), capitalism or nationalism they may continue to look after themselves only and ignore others� need to enjoy the level of welfare that they do. This principle enslaves even educated people to dogma.

64. What is the principle of social equality?
According to Prout, all living beings are the children of the same Cosmic Father and Mother; the Supreme Consciousness and the Supreme Force of Creation. They should therefore enjoy their common inheritance � the potentialities of the creation � together and move together towards the Supreme stance of being. The Neo-humanist Principle of social equality has very much to do with the principle of advancing cardinal human values before ordinary social values.

65. What is the need to curb accumulation of material wealth?
Material wealth is in limited supply. Everyone need a minimum requirement in order to move on in life, therefore material wealth should be subject to rational distribution.

66. Why is there no need to curb accumulation of psychic and spiritual wealth?
Mental and spiritual wealth is in unlimited supply. Rather, it is a crime to bar anyone from partaking of mental and spiritual wealth to his or her heart�s content.

67. How does the problem of physical over-accumulation become a source of social disintegration amongst "haves"?
Where there is excessive material wealth, the feeling of, "What should I do?" crops up in the minds of the people, as there is no proper mental and spiritual guidance due to intense focus on material values. People even take to the path of suicide in the absence of proper direction. Some become addicts and social parasites, as they do not know what they should do and what they should not do.

68. Why do we need a theory that comes after practice?
The best and only practical theory succeeds practice. Such theories can merge with other practical theories and form new theories. On the other hand, if practice follows theory � it means that the theory is speculative � chances are that it may fall into one of the following four categories:
1. Hypocritical theory; motivated by some selfish gain and never meant to be implemented in actual life.
2. Theoretician's theories; blind to the facts of the real world and ignores the spiritual; such theories remain confined to the mental sphere only and can never be implemented anywhere.
3. Inefficient in field of application; propounded by people who somehow are efficient themselves but their theory is not practical to others.
4. Environmental difficulty; good intention but due to the limitation of the thinker�s mental environment such theories can be disastrous if introduced in the real world; ref: Marxism.

69. What is meant by rational distribution?
Prout is the theory of progressive utilization. Its concept of progress is movement towards all-round welfare. Resources are distributed rationally when all can progress at a maximum.

70. What is the difference between the 2nd and 3rd fundamental principles of Prout?
The 2nd principle says that wealth throughout the universe should be utilized at a maximum and distributed rationally to ensure maximum progress. The 3rd principle says that the physical, metaphysical and spiritual potentials of the individual and the collective must be utilized at a maximum in order for both the individual and the collective to progress at a maximum. Metaphysical potentials are those psychic faculties and capabilities that govern the physical, such as engineering, political science, etc. They are not of psycho-spiritual nature but pertain to the physical. So the 2nd principle says that all collective wealth must be taken well care of, while the 3rd principle says that all individual potentials as well as the collective form of those potentials must be harnessed properly for the good of all.

71. What is meant by "proper adjustment"?
Here �proper� means progressive. According to Prout�s law of adjustment one should utilize mostly that potential which is most subtle in a person, and only secondarily the less subtle one. The utilization of subtler and more rare potentials should always be preferred.

72. So the one who is relatively less developed will remain that way, as he or she should be utilized stereotypically?
Under communism there was no scope to develop as Marxism dictated that matter was life's beginning and end. This defective philosophy became the direct cause of thorough brutal de-humanization in communist countries. Under Prout there will be no standstill neither in individual nor collective life, there will only be accelerated progress. According to the 3rd fundamental principle of Prout there should be maximum utilization of the physical, metaphysical and spiritual potentialities of the unit and collective bodies of human society. It means that all the potential that is already unearthed in a person should be utilized immediately while the still unrealized potential must be harnessed--Prout's spiritual basis ensures all the required rights and opportunities in various fields of education. According to the 4th and 5th fundamental principles the utilizations of potentials must be properly adjusted with each other and the method of utilization must be of progressive nature. There is no scope for individual stagnancy in Prout.

73. What is meant by "the utilization should be of progressive nature"?
What is normal today is not so tomorrow and vice versa; what is viewed as abnormal today may be the norm of tomorrow. Guided by progressive ideas human beings should not be guided by superstition, disbelief or dogma, but should continue to look for ever new and fresh ways of utilizing all sorts of potential for the good and happiness of all.

74. Is Prout's concept of class based on occupation or economic locus standi?
Prout�s concept of class is based on socio-existential mentality. A person who is ruled by the environment is proletarian, while a person who rules the physical environment on the strength of his or her physical capabilities is a warrior. A person who rules the environment on the strength of his or her mental faculties is an intellectual, and a person who rules the environment on the strength of his or her capability to amass and control physical wealth is a capitalist. The collective form of each one of these four socio-existential mentalities form the particular class based on the respective mentality. Class may or may not be inherited. A person may be born by a proletarian father and a warrior mother and be an intellectual who him- or herself begets children who are capitalists, or any other way. Some children inherit their parents� class, others don�t. There is no rigid social system attached to Prout�s system of class, it is based on psycho-sociological realities and is dynamic. A person�s fundamental social outlook and cast of personality is the key.

75. How will Prout give all people the required purchasing capacity?
In a proutistic setup people will earn their required purchasing capacity through work. There will be no unemployment in such as progressive-minded socio-economic setup as local people on the local level will control the economy. When local people control the economy there is no chance of outsiders exploiting the local people. That local non-profiteering economy will develop self-reliance and it will be easy to keep everyone employed in such a consumption-motivated economy.

76. What is the role of amenities in a proutistic economic setup?
The role of amenities in a proutistic economic setup is:
1. To sustain the especially meritorious people in their continuous effort to offer above average service to society.
2. To inspire all to increase their effort for utilizing their individual and collective wealth properly.
3. To fulfil the progressive requirements of all.

77. Is human culture one or many?
Human society is one and indivisible and has one culture, which is expressed in so many ways around the world.

78. What is Prout's view on the so-called population crisis?
It is a crime to disallow or dissuade anyone from bringing children into this world. Such crimes are only perpetrated in an exploitative setup. Prout�s view on the so-called population crisis is that it isn�t a crisis of population at all but a crisis of leadership, a systemic crisis. The system that makes many poor and a few rich does not want that people should multiply as the number of poor and therefore revolutionary will grow in dangerous ways. However, by introducing policies based on maximum utilization and rational distribution of all natural resources a proutistic society will be able to feed all and educate any number of people so that humanity will continue to grow in a natural way.

79. What is Prout's general view on capital punishment (death as punishment)?
It is not possible to cure a headache by cutting off the head. Capital punishment is not a way to reform the individual, rather every individual has a right to rectify him- or herself. It is the duty of society to fulfill this right. Only in extreme circumstances, where society does not operate normally as during war, may such an extreme measure be warranted.

80. What is the historical cause of state constitutions?
A state constitution is a guidebook for the proper conduct of a state; it is the written guarantee of democracy. Constitutions emerged in response to the irrational rule of tyrannical sovereigns.

81. When and where was democracy first introduced?
Democracy was first introduced over 2500 years ago in the ancient Indian state of Vaishali, which was situated in East India (some portion of Muzzaffarpur, portions of Begusharai, Samastipur and Hajipur between the Gandaka and Kamala rivers, all in the present state of Bihar). This Licchavii democracy framed and wrote down the first written constitution. Prior to that the words of the king were law and kings ruled according to the advice of their ministers. Under this system only the Licchavii leaders, not the people in general, could exercise and enjoy adult franchise. Women had voting rights but they were not allowed to contest elections. In the democracy of Greek city-states women and slaves had no voting rights. Prout and democracy

82. What is a sadvipra?
Sat (Cosmic Truth) + vipra (intellect) = sadvipra; whose intellect is ensconced in Cosmic Truth. The four classes � proletarian, warrior, intellectual and capitalist � who dominate in turn society are motivated by their respective social mentality. Sadvipras however are de-classed and strive only for the good of all living beings. They have no own agenda except liberation for self and service to the creation. They are morally and spiritually conscious and possess all the qualities of the four classes without being goaded by them.

83. What is the main duty of sadvipras?
The only duty of sadvipras is to make people more conscious so that the progress of all is always accelerated.

84. How will sadvipras emerge?
Spiritual leaders � sadvipras � will be recognized by their exemplary conduct, service-mindedness and spiritual zeal. Their moral promptness and non-compromising attitude will lead the people in their efforts to get rid of corruption and exploitation and establish progressive welfare for all living beings. History bears testimony to this truth � great spiritual men and women has always been regarded as sources of inspiration. How often have we not heard that, �If only there had been many more of such-and-such great spiritual personalities, then the world would have been a better place.� The world will soon sanction the rule of sadvipras and will regard their universal benevolence as the natural and most social order of things.

85. Does yama and niyama represent objective morality?
The principles of yama and niyama represent dynamic morality. Morality pertains to the relative world where everything is subject to continuous change. The goal of morality is provide human beings with that moral stamina which is needed to move towards an absolute and effort-free state of spiritual being where the dos and don�t�s of morality come naturally and external imposition of moral principles are no longer needed. Hence morality is not a goal in itself but one of the means towards a supreme state of living. Prout�s 10 moral principles are therefore not objective as they are not goals in themselves. For example, objective morality states: �Do not steal�, whereas an otherwise honest person may be ready to steal once his or her conditions have deteriorated much due to socio-economic exploitation. Rather, the principle of dynamic morality aims at rooting out the very tendency to steal by building the individual and collective in an integrated and wholesome way.

86. Will there be elections in a proutistic society?
There will certainly be elections and candidates will need to produce their program in black and white. Candidates will furthermore be required to stick to their program; if they don�t they may be tried in court. If found guilty of deceiving the public legislators will not be entitled to stand in the forthcoming elections. The electoral right will be subject to a certain standard of political awareness. Democracy where illiteracy prevails becomes a farce.

87. What is Prout's concept of nuclear revolution?
The nucleus of all is the Supreme. Any movement should be guided towards that nucleus. A revolution is needed when stagnancy has set in and where the movement towards the nucleus has come to halt. The inspiration from the nucleus is the positive force that will get the movement going again. Therefore, Prout advocates the concept of revolution inspired by that nuclear force of spiritual inspiration. See: Sarkar on Nuclear Revolution.

88. What is the difference between the liberty of Prout and that of capitalism?
Capitalism deems it proper to allow any individual to act at liberty in the economic sphere. This policy is of catastrophic consequences as material resources are but limited. Prout ensures the economic liberation of all by allowing all to progress at a maximum in all spheres. After all, economic development is not the final goal of life. In the physical sphere accumulation must be subject to collective permission or approval. If not, the all-round progress of the majority will be impossible due to the waxing greed of the economic ruling minority that emerges under such a system.

89. How does Prout guarantee people's minimum requirements of life?
It would be impossible to guarantee people�s requirements of life without further ado. It was the intention in communism to do so, but the dogma of equality soon proved catastrophic. Instead of just giving people what they need, Prout will allow them to earn it in a system of fixed minimum income and maximum amenities. Without substantiating economic growth by recognizing the natural diversity and competitive drive of human beings economic vitality will decrease. In a proutistic setup the standard of living will go on increasing and this will be the proof or indication of the vitality of the society.

90. What is the heart of decentralized economy?
The welfare of local people is the essence of Prout's concept of decentralized economy. In a decentralized economic setup local people should not only control cooperative bodies, but also supervise all activities related to the local economy. It is a bottom-up system as opposed to the centralized approach to capitalist in their system of free-for all anywhere. Prout�s decentralized economy requires a politically centralized system where the world government enforces from above the necessary policies required to liberate all in the economic sphere.
More on decentralized economy

91. Why does Prout promote less individual liberty?
By �less individual liberty� Prout means liberty in the physical sphere. Material resources are limited and should be made subject to regulation while continuous efforts are being made to utilize them at a maximum and distribute them on a rational basis. Mental and spiritual resources are available in unlimited quantity and should be made subject to maximum utilization and rational distribution on that basis; i.e. everyone should be encouraged to progress maximum, educate him- or herself and reach the Supreme goal of life.

92. Why must animals' and plants' rights be included in the world constitution?
The sentiment of ordinary humanism discriminates against other groups of living beings; it has created environmental disaster. The environmental crisis is not first and foremost a problem of welfare of human beings. By enshrining the dignity and rights of one group � human beings � while mercilessly exploiting other groups � animals, plants and even the inanimate world � ordinary humanist sentiment has sowed the seeds of inter-species war directly and the seeds of intra-species fratricidal war indirectly. In a subtle way the discriminating sentiment of ordinary humanism even bodes for socio-sentiment as it is but an enlarged version of it. In short, Neo-humanism dictates us to guarantee the security of all living beings in order to protect dharma.

93. What is the difference between the rule of reason and spiritual guidance?
The path of the rule of reason is �from the known to the unknown�. It takes as its point of departure something limited in the physical and mental world and draws its conclusion on it. Therefore the premises of reason are always embedded in the sphere of relativity where change is the only permanent factor. Because of this stigma of relativity the rule of reason is never able to go beyond the relative and establish itself in absolute truth, satya. The rule of sadvipras, on the other hand, is based on spiritual guidance. The spiritual sphere is beyond the relative and is therefore absolute. The path of spiritual guidance is �from the unknown to the known�; it opens itself to the Supreme and brings spiritual inspiration and intuitional knowledge into the world of physical and mental relativities. The rule of spiritual guidance infuses day-to-day life with supramundande knowledge and Supreme Grace.

94. Why does something crave for more?
The acquisition of something limited only creates the want for acquiring more because human thirst is unlimited. Only by acquiring the Unlimited will this thirst be quenched.

95. According to Prout, why is leadership needed at all?
Human beings are social beings. Moreover, modern society has made it impossible to remain away from others; no one can shun the responsibility of being a member of society, and almost all of us recognize our common need to stay in touch. On the other hand no one is equal or identical to another. Where people meet, some are bound to know more about some things while others know more about other things. In order to give the direction for those who are in the dark as far as their welfare is concerned those who know more about the subtle needs and potentials of their fellow human beings should take the lead. The one subtlest need and potential of all human beings is the spiritual. Spirituality is all-embracing and those who have established their life on true spirituality should understand their responsibility and take up the lead for the good and happiness of all.
More on proutist leadership

96. Is Proutist Universal a spiritual movement?
The mission of Proutist Universal (PU) is to generate socio-economic and cultural awareness all over the world in order to activate people into running the economy of their locality according to the needs and wishes of the local people. The ideology and philosophy of Prout is based on spirituality and is in harmony with the spiritual philosophy and practices of Neo-humanism. It is not however required that one be a spiritual practitioner to join in PU or any of its activities, which are directed solely at people's welfare.

97. What is the difference between communist collectivist industrial undertakings and proutistic cooperatives?
There are many differences between the two, of which the following are amongst the most important:
1. In Prout the cooperative sector is the middle industrial tier between government run key industries (huge, complex, raw material) and private small enterprises. Under communism private enterprises were outlawed.
2. Prout's approach to cooperative enterprise is based on voluntary cooperation, not forced cooperation. The Soviet farmers were forced to join, which were extremely unpsychological and therefore non-productive.
3. Under communism everything was dictated from above, such as five-year plans for the industry. It was a party state dictatorship. In Prout local people have all the say regarding development of local resources, their economic development, etc.
4. The industrial approach of communism was on centralized; i.e. huge factories producing one item to be widely distributed. Prout's industrial and economic approach is based on complete and wholesome decentralization; local self-reliance, bottom-up economic governance.
5. In Soviet collective enterprises wages were fixed per head. In Prout cooperatives a minimum purchasing capacity will be secured on the basis of work, while there is much scope for earning extra in various ways; bonuses and piece work.

98. Why was Marx' theory of exploitation wrong?
Marx held that the creation of surplus value is the source of economic exploitation; when capitalists convert surplus value into money value they amass profit. However, no country, communist or otherwise, could do away with the creation of surplus value as it is an indispensable part of national prosperity. Marx's weakness here is that he tried to interpret exploitation only in an economic perspective. Prout's analysis of exploitation says:
1. Economic exploitation involves the unrestricted plunder of the physical and psychic labor of communities together with the natural resources in their local areas.
2. By undermining local culture and corrupting the mental and spiritual spheres by introducing foreign culture with an economic motivation, exploitation includes psychic and spiritual exploitation as well. Marxism could not perceive of such pervasive exploitation as its world view is materialist. More proutist analysis of Marxism

99. If surplus value is essential to economic growth, how to guard against its misuse?
It is not possible, as Marx proposed, to exterminate exploitation by doing away with surplus value. It is correct that capitalists cheat the public in all possible ways and continue to accumulate profits by tucking surplus value in their off-the-limits coffers, but a productive economy without the creation of surplus value is a sorry utopia. In practical life, economies do not work without surplus value. The entire weapon's industry of the Soviet block was based on the production of surplus value. Prout's policy to root out exploitation is two-fold: applying external pressure and stimulating internal urge. The internal urge of confirmed exploiters is very weak, therefore external pressure will have to be applied on them. The first fundamental principle of Prout establishes that accumulation of physical wealth must be regulated. This is only possible by turning the economy upside down and creating a bottom-up economic structure where the grassroots are in control over their economic destiny. Prout calls it economic democracy. On the other hand, the remaining four principles stimulates both positive external and positive internal urge. Prout is embedded in spiritual inspiration. It is the only scientific socio-economic theory that looks towards the entire potential and requirement of human beings. The integrated application of Prout and Neo-humanism will end exploitation.

100. What is the prime motivation of proutistic economy?
In order to guarantee the minimum requirements of all and to keep economic life free from stagnancy, the economy should be consumption-motivated and not profit-motivated. Physical wealth is in limited supply. There is enough for everyone's needs but not for even a single persons' greed. Since it is limited, physical wealth cannot satisfy the unlimited inner thirst of any living being. The economy, along with the political system, education, science, etc., should therefore see to it that human beings can move on in life together, and reach their ultimate goal of Supreme Emancipation and unity of all.